NEXUS-IBA, the Home of International Broadcasting on AM and Shortwave

NEXUS-IBA: 45 Years of Pioneering Global Broadcasting, Media and Technology (1979-2024)

NEXUS-IBA: 45 Years of Pioneering Global Broadcasting, Media and Technology (1979-2024)

IRRS QSL card

NEXUS-IBA: 45 Years of Global Broadcasting Innovation and Bridging Digital Divides

Read about NEXUS-IBA’s journey from a local station to a critical global broadcasting player, highlighting its enduring commitment to free speech, technological innovation, and connecting communities worldwide.

TL;DR:

NEXUS-International Broadcasting Association, originating as Globe Radio Milan in 1979, has journeyed from a modest FM station in Italy to a beacon of International Broadcasting. This transformation, marked significantly by the launch of IRRS-Shortwave in 1988, catapulted NEXUS-IBA into the global arena. The 1990s witnessed the association breaking new ground with pioneering digital broadcasting and streaming services. NEXUS-IBA’s commitment to global communication was further solidified through its association with the United Nations and UNESCO, starting in 1995, which underscored its role in disseminating vital information worldwide.

The heart of NEXUS-IBA’s mission lies in bridging the digital divide, utilizing medium-wave and shortwave broadcasting to connect remote regions in Africa, Asia, and Europe. This endeavor has been particularly impactful in conflict zones such as Ukraine, Palestine & Israel, and the former Yugoslavia, Iran, Iraq and South Sudan where NEXUS-IBA’s broadcasts have provided a lifeline of information and diverse perspectives. Furthermore, the association’s initiatives like European Gospel Radio and International Public Access Radio (IPAR) have created platforms for a multitude of voices and messages to resonate on a global scale. Through these efforts, NEXUS-IBA has not only championed free speech and technological innovation but also played a crucial role in connecting communities and fostering cultural preservation around the world.

IRRS Globe Radio Milan logo (1979-1998)

The Journey Begins: Globe Radio Milan to NEXUS-IBA

In 1979, Globe Radio Milan began broadcasting in Milan, Italy, marking the inception of the NEXUS-International Broadcasting Association (NEXUS-IBA). This transformation symbolized a pivotal change in European radio broadcasting, embracing the concept of free radio. By 1988, the addition of IRRS-Shortwave notably expanded NEXUS-IBA’s reach, elevating it to a prominent position in international radio broadcasting.

Pioneering Digital Broadcasting and Streaming

In the 1990s, NEXUS-IBA broke new ground in digital broadcasting and internet technologies. By 1994, they had launched one of the first global internet cloud services, leading Europe in streaming audio and video services. This technological leap set new standards in media technology, marking a significant achievement in the history of digital broadcasting.

Upholding Free Speech and Expanding Global Access

NEXUS-IBA has steadfastly advocated free speech and diverse programming, especially via the IPAR (International Public Access Radio) initiative. NEXUS-IBA’s non-interference policy in global content distribution resulted in various programs offering a global array of perspectives. Our expansion into Shortwave, AM/Medium Wave, satellite services, and internet streaming was crucial in democratizing information access worldwide, particularly in remote areas of Africa and Asia.

UNESCO radio on NEXUS-International Broadcasting Association

UNESCO

Significant Collaborations with the United Nations and UNESCO

In 1995, NEXUS-IBA was officially approved for association with the United Nations Department of Public Information (UN/DPI). This approval highlights NEXUS-IBA’s role in globally disseminating information about the activities of the United Nations and UNESCO, underlining its commitment to international cooperation and information dissemination.

Bridging the Digital Divide with Medium Wave and Shortwave Broadcasting

Medium-wave and shortwave broadcasting by Nexus-IBA has been pivotal in bridging the digital divide and reaching audiences in Europe, Africa, and Asia. These broadcasting methods ensure connectivity in regions with limited or no internet access, providing diverse content, including news, talk shows, and cultural programs. This resilience is crucial in maintaining an inclusive medium in the face of digital inequality.

AM/MW and Shortwave radio receivers

Shortwave Broadcasting: Connecting Remote and Isolated Regions

Shortwave radio broadcasting is essential for global communication, particularly in remote and isolated areas. Its long-range capabilities transcend geographical, political, and social barriers, connecting communities worldwide. Shortwave radio is a critical source of information in regions like Africa and the Asia-Pacific, affirming its vital role in global connectivity.

Empowering Communities Through Radio Broadcasting

Radio broadcasting is vital in empowering communities, especially in remote areas. It is a critical platform for sharing information, providing education, enabling participation in societal discussions, and fostering community development. In regions with limited access to other media forms, radio becomes the primary source of information, playing a pivotal role in education and community empowerment.

John Bayliss preaching in northern Thailand/Border of Myanmar (Burma)

Radio as a Custodian of Cultural Diversity

Radio broadcasting is crucial in preserving local cultures and languages against the backdrop of globalization. Broadcasting in indigenous languages helps maintain cultural identities and educates listeners about their heritage. This role is vital in Europe, Africa, and the Asia-Pacific, where radio is a guardian of cultural diversity.

Russian bombing at Kramatorsk radio station in Ukraine, 2022

Bombing destruction at Kramatorsk radio station in Ukraine (2022)

The Role of Broadcasting in War-Torn Regions

NEXUS-IBA has played a significant role in broadcasting to war-torn regions, using medium-wave and shortwave transmissions to reach areas like Ukraine, Palestine & Israel, Iran-Iraq, South Sudan, and the former Yugoslavia. In these conflict zones, where information is crucial yet often scarce or controlled, NEXUS-IBA’s broadcasts have provided a lifeline by disseminating news and information, supporting humanitarian efforts, and offering a platform for diverse voices and perspectives. This contribution underscores the importance of unbiased, reliable broadcasting in areas affected by conflict and crisis.

European Gospel Radio QSL card

European Gospel Radio: Non-Denominational Outreach

European Gospel Radio (EGR), a service offered by NEXUS-IBA, provides a non-denominational platform for religious organizations to broadcast internationally. EGR aims to facilitate the spread of religious and spiritual messages to a global audience, aligning with NEXUS-IBA’s commitment to free speech and diversity. This service allows a broad spectrum of religious content to be shared across continents.

IPAR support freedom of speech radio

International Public Access Radio (IPAR)

International Public Access Radio (IPAR) is a crucial initiative by NEXUS-IBA designed to provide international broadcasting access to organizations and individuals. IPAR’s mission is to bridge the communication gap by offering an accessible platform for a wide range of voices and messages to be heard globally. This service ensures that diverse perspectives are shared and heard internationally.

NEXUS-IBA’s Involvement in the DEMOS EU Project

NEXUS-International Broadcasting Association (NEXUS-IBA) played a pivotal role in the DEMOS project, an initiative under the European Union’s 5th Framework Programme. DEMOS, standing for “Delphi Mediation Online System,” was part of the Information Society Technologies, Key Action I.4.2, focusing on ‘Online Support to Democratic Processes.’ This project aimed to enhance democratic engagement and participatory processes through innovative digital solutions.

NEXUS-IBA’s involvement in the DEMOS project underlined its commitment to leveraging technology for societal benefit, particularly in e-democracy. The project aimed to develop digital platforms and tools facilitating effective and inclusive communication between citizens and public administrations. This was a significant step towards modernizing democratic processes and making them more accessible and transparent for the European public.

The DEMOS project represented an innovative approach to e-governance, where digital platforms were utilized to create open forums for discussion, decision-making, and mediation. NEXUS-IBA’s contribution to this project showcased its expertise in digital communication and its broader commitment to supporting democratic processes through technological advancement.

Broadcast Technology Research Development and Innovation

The Role of NEXUS-IBA’s R&D Lab in Developing WorldDirector CDN

In 1994, NEXUS-IBA’s internal R&D lab developed the first-ever global Content Delivery Network (CDN), named WorldDirector. This groundbreaking technology, built on globally distributed Internet cloud services, marked NEXUS-IBA as Europe’s first to offer streaming audio and video services using its CDN technology.

Fast forward to 2024, WorldDirector still represents a significant advancement in media technology, enabling the efficient distribution and delivery of multimedia content with high speed, quality, resilience, and reliability. The creation of WorldDirector underscored NEXUS-IBA’s commitment to innovation and its pioneering role in the digital transformation of global broadcasting and media services.​

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This article highlights NEXUS-IBA’s 45-year journey, showcasing its significant contributions to global broadcasting, technological advancements, and its vital role in connecting and empowering communities worldwide, particularly in regions affected by conflict and digital divides. Over the past 45 years, the NEXUS-International Broadcasting Association (NEXUS-IBA) has significantly impacted global broadcasting. Starting as a small local FM station, it has become a pioneering force in radio broadcasting and digital technology. Through its commitment to free speech, diverse programming, and collaborations with international bodies like the United Nations and UNESCO, NEXUS-IBA has played a pivotal role in bridging the digital divide, reaching remote communities, and providing unbiased information in conflict zones. Services like European Gospel Radio and International Public Access Radio demonstrate NEXUS-IBA’s dedication to connecting diverse voices with a global audience. As NEXUS-IBA continues to innovate and adapt, its legacy as a worldwide communication and cultural preservation facilitator remains more relevant than ever.

 

Remembering Eros Bacoccina (1927-2022): A Life in Service to the Italian Christian Radio Mission

Remembering Eros Bacoccina (1927-2022): A Life in Service to the Italian Christian Radio Mission

A Beacon of Faith: The Life of Eros Valentino Bacoccina (1922- 2022)

With a profound sense of loss and respect, we recognize the life and achievements of Eros Valentino Bacoccina. The sad news of his passing on November 21st, 2022, in his San Jose, California home reached us only a few weeks ago.

Eros, a devoted husband, loving father, doting grandfather, and proud great-grandfather, was born and raised in the scenic city of Lucca, Italy, in 1927. His life took a huge turn when he immigrated to San Francisco, California, 1948 at age 21. After uniting in matrimony with the love of his life, Carla Giovannoni, in 1951, they raised a beautiful family of five daughters together.

Eros Valentino Bacoccina

Eros Valentino Bacoccina (1927-2022), the Italian Baptist Pastor based in San Francisco / San Jose, CA and La Buona Novella producer.

Eros initially made his living in America as a painter and designer. However, his life took a divine detour in 1965 when he was ordained as a minister, leading him to establish the Iormer Italian Baptist Church at 39 Amazon Ave., in San Francisco (CA). He served the congregation faithfully as a pastor for 37 years, and his services weren’t limited to the pulpit; he extended his care and spiritual guidance to hospitals and prisons as a chaplain.

His dedication and faith have been conveyed globally through the airwaves on IRRS (the Italian Radio Relay Service on FM, AM/MW and SW), European Gospel Radio, and NEXUS-IBA since early 1980 on the radio program “La Buona Novella” (The Good News). As we process the news of his passing, we celebrate Eros’s life and legacy, cherishing his memory and remarkable impact on countless lives.

From Altar Boy to Revered Pastor: The Early Years

Eros Valentino Bacoccina was born in Sorbano del Vescovo, Lucca, Italy, on April 9, 1927, where he resided for the first twenty-one years. He was born into a Roman Catholic family. He lived adjacent to a Catholic institution, the Artigianelli orphanage, which his family served with honour and devotion.

Once, at his home in San Jose, CA, Eros made fun with me of his second name, “Valentino“: “Entirely inappropriate” for a Baptist Pastor – he said – and told me that he never liked it and wanted to be known simply as Eros Bacoccina.

His family was deeply Catholic and faithfully attended the local church and other Catholic institutions. He served as an altar boy and participated daily in the family rosary. Although the religious activities were vibrant and ornate, they confused and dissatisfied him.

At the age of ten, he became an altar boy. For him, there was no other religion or church. He had never laid his eyes on a Bible. He grew up believing that he was a sinner and that God’s wrath was upon him, for it was because of his sins that Jesus, His divine Son, had been forced to suffer and die on the cross.

In 1948, at 21, he immigrated to San Francisco, California, with his sister Tina and his mother, Dina. They joined their father, Angelo, in San Francisco. Angelo Bacoccina was just out of several US internment camps, being considered an enemy alien during World World II and under investigation as a prominent figure during the Fascism among the Italians in the San Francisco area, a teacher at the San Francisco Italian Language School and an occasional speaker at the KLS radio station in nearby Oakland, CA. In California, Bacoccina took up painting and design.

While in California, Eros worked as a painter and designer. After a few years, through his hard work, he became a successful businessman in San Francisco.

Yet, his spiritual journey continued. He encountered resistance in his Catholic church when he sought a direct connection with God. Undeterred, Bacoccina continued his quest for spiritual enlightenment.

Crossing Paths with Amelio Giannetta: A Turning Point

In 1951 Eros married Carla Giovanonni. One Sunday, while in San Francisco, he saw a man speaking in Italian about God on the radio. The message was novel and different. The speaker conveyed a sense of deep knowledge and intimacy with God, talking of His greatness, mercy, and the salvation possible and available to all men by faith and grace. This was precisely what Bacoccina was seeking, exactly what he needed. The program was titled “Buona Novella,” and the speaker was Amelio Giannetta, the Home Mission Board missionary for Italians.

Pastor Amelio Giannetta

Pastor Amelio Giannetta (1925-2019)

Bacoccina wrote to Giannetta, who visited him in response. The bond between the two men deepened when Bacoccina wrote to Giannetta, who responded by visiting him and gifting him an Italian New Testament. This gift, coupled with Giannetta’s teachings and the continued exposure to the radio broadcasts, led Bacoccina on a path of profound transformation. Five months later, he accepted Christ as his Savior, an event that marked a significant shift in his spiritual journey. In 1965, Eros Bacoccina became an ordained Baptist Church minister. Eros joined the Italian Baptist Church at 39 Amazon Rd, in San Francisco, where he served as Pastor for 37 years. He also worked as a Chaplain for numerous hospitals and prisons.

Eros’s journey took a significant turn when he chanced upon a radio broadcast by Amelio Giannetta, the Home Mission Board missionary for Italians. The program titled “Buona Novella” was a breath of fresh air for Bacoccina. He was drawn to Giannetta’s teachings, his deep knowledge of God, and the salvation he promised all men could achieve through faith and grace.

Becoming the Italian Pastor at 39 Amazon Avenue, San Francisco, California, USA

His newfound faith inspired Eros to lead others on a similar journey. His dedication and commitment led him to become an ordained minister in 1965, and soon after, he founded the Italian Baptist Church at 39 Amazon Avenue in San Francisco, California. He served as Pastor there for an impressive 37 years, touching countless lives with his teachings and guidance.

The former Italian Baptist church at 39 Amazon Ave., San Francisco, California

The former Italian Baptist church at 39 Amazon Ave in San Francisco, CA, USA

Despite the many challenges he faced along the way, including criticism and resistance from influential figures like Harold Camping, the controversial president and owner of Family Radio, Bacoccina remained steadfast in his mission. His resilience saw him continue his Christian mission through his own radio program, “La Buona Novella,” which aired on NEXUS-IBA stations daily.

Worldwide Preaching: The Legacy of Eros Bacoccina

Eros Bacoccina will forever be remembered for his steadfast faith, commitment to worldwide preaching, and his significant contributions to Christian radio and shortwave radio broadcasting. His journey from a young altar boy in Italy to a globally recognized Italian Pastor serves as an inspiration to many.

Eros’s life is a testament to the transformative power of faith and perseverance. He leveraged the medium of radio to spread the teachings of Christ and touched countless lives in the process. He was a beacon of hope for many, a guiding light that shone brightly in times of spiritual confusion.

Despite his passing, his legacy lives on. His sermons continue to inspire people worldwide, offering solace and guidance to those seeking a deeper connection with their faith. His life story is a testament to his unwavering faith and serves as an inspiration to many.

His journey from Italy to the shores of California, from an altar boy to an influential pastor, from a spiritual seeker to a beacon of faith, is a narrative that will continue to inspire and guide future generations. Eros Bacoccina’s life was a testament to the power of faith, the reach of Christian mission, and the transformative power of a personal relationship with God.

Eros Bacoccina: A Life in Service to the Italian Christian Radio Mission

Eros Bacoccina was born in Italy into a deeply Catholic family. His life was deeply entrenched in the practices and beliefs of the Catholic Church. Despite his early religious involvement, Bacoccina had an unquenched spiritual hunger. After immigrating to California in 1948, he sought to grow closer to God but felt obstructed by the church’s teachings. This spiritual journey set the stage for Bacoccina’s transition into the world of Christian radio broadcasting.

Eros Bacoccina’s life transformed when he tuned into a Christian radio program named “Buona Novella,” hosted by Home Mission Board missionary Amello Giannetta for Italians. The novel perspective on faith and God’s relationship with humans filled Bacoccina’s heart with hope, launching his lifelong devotion to radio broadcasting, particularly shortwave radio, as a means for worldwide preaching.

With the guidance of Giannetta and the transformative messages of the New Testament, Bacoccina found his personal relationship with God, eventually accepting Christ as his Savior. This decision marked the end of his spiritual quest and the beginning of his Christian mission to bring the message of salvation to Italians worldwide.

A Radio Evangelist is Born at la Buona Novella Broadcasts

From a 30-minute weekly program in the San Francisco Bay Area that began in 1954, Eros Bacoccina’s message went to all of California and seven states in the continental USA. Then la Buona Novella (Good News) Ministry also started in Italy, and at one point, they had 24 radio stations broadcasting the Gospel daily.

The radio ministry of La Buona Novella continued for half a century as the Gospel of Jesus Christ was preached over the air in the Italian language both in the United States and Europe. Each program brought to light the simple and yet fathomless truths found in God’s word and presented timeless principles to the lost and to believers alike, and covered various programs and themes:

  1. Christian counselling in Italian
  2. Gospel Messages
  3. Bible quiz.
  4. Woman to Woman radio episodes

Pastor Eros Bacoccina’s voice brought the Gospel worldwide on Shortwave and locally on FM and received mail from 50 nations. When Government regulations and pressure from other religious groups forced many evangelical radio stations off the air, La Buona Novella started over the Internet with a new website with the help of NEXUS-IBA and European Gospel Radio.

Eros Bacoccina: The Italian Pastor at Family Radio (WYFR)

Eros Bacoccina was known worldwide for his daily program in Italian on Family Radio (WYFR), broadcast on Shortwave from Okeechobee, Florida. He was known internally as “The Italian Pastor” and the only Italian radio speaker at Family Radio. The controversial president and owner of Family Radio, Harold Camping (July 19, 1921 – December 15, 2013), hired him to barely translate Campings’ messages from English to Italian.

Eros visited our FM station in Milano in the early 1980s. We met him again several times in his home in San Jose, where he lived with his beloved wife, Carla. In our private conversations with Eros, he described Harold Camping as an engineer who made his fortunes in the construction business but had little or no theological education.

Harold Egbert Camping, the powerful boss of Family Radio, was also the most prominent evangelist radio broadcaster on the English radio service of Family Radio and WYFR (on Shortwave), owned by Family Stations, Inc., with headquarters in Hegeberer Rd, California. WYFR ceased all shortwave transmissions on July 1, 2013. In December 2013, Jeff White, the owner of WRMI, formerly operating from Miami, purchased the WYFR shortwave transmission facility in Okeechobee, FL.

Harold Camping became notorious for a series of failed predictions about the End Times. As the president of Family Radio from 1958, he oversaw a station group that, at its zenith, reached more than 150 markets in the United States. Camping’s prophesies, particularly his forecast that the Second Coming of Christ would occur on May 21, 2011, attracted global attention and significant donations. However, when the anticipated events failed to transpire, he faced widespread ridicule and criticism, particularly after his revised prediction for the final destruction of the universe on October 21, 2011, also proved incorrect. Despite retiring from active broadcasting following a stroke in 2011, Camping maintained a role at Family Radio until his death. In the wake of his unsuccessful predictions, he admitted his attempts to set dates were “sinful” and retreated from his insistence on knowing the timing of the Rapture or the end of the world.

Tensions Rise: Harold Camping’s Suspicions and Eros Bacoccina’s Interpretations

An intriguing dynamic evolved between Harold Camping and Eros Bacoccina at Family Radio. Known for his idiosyncratic interpretations of biblical prophecy, Camping’s doctrines were anything but orthodox. Eros Bacoccina, tasked with translating Camping’s English sermons into Italian, faced a considerable challenge. The contrasting ideologies between the two led to an inevitable clash, a conflict that significantly impacted Bacoccina’s tenure at Family Radio.

In his private talks at his home in San Jose, Eros was highly critical of Camping’s doctrine and preaching over Family Radio. Still, he believed Family Radio was so powerful to reach and evangelise Italians through Shortwave radio. Being critical of Camping implied that he had to interpret Harold Camping’s doctrine when translating his messages from English to Italian.

Bacoccina, valuing his duty to listeners, took liberties in interpreting Camping’s messages. Striving to ensure his translations aligned more closely with traditional Christian theology, he injected his understanding and personal faith into the translations. He perceived it as necessary to provide a more familiar message of hope and faith to his Italian-speaking audience rather than the unconventional apocalyptic prophecies of Camping.

However, Camping grew suspicious of Bacoccina’s approach. Concerned that his original doctrines were being lost in translation, he took the initiative to have Bacoccina’s Italian radio programs translated back into English. Upon reviewing these translations, Camping’s suspicions were confirmed. Bacoccina was not simply translating; he was reinterpreting.

Camping severely reprimanded Bacoccina for his approach. The event highlighted the tension between Camping’s rigid adherence to his unique doctrine and Bacoccina’s traditional Christian worldview. This clash of ideologies ultimately led to Bacoccina’s decision to resign from Family Radio, marking a pivotal moment in his religious journey.

After a few months, Eros decided to resign, so the Italian service of Family Radio (WYFR) was soon discontinued. Eros Bacoccina, as the Pastor of the Italian church at 39 Amazon Avenue in San Francisco, was able to retain support from a group of Italian emigrants in the San Francisco and the Bay area and was able to support the production of his own daily 30-minute radio program in Italian called “La Buona Novella”. This program and the original program from Family Radio were broadcast on NEXUS-IBA stations daily on FM and Shortwave for several years since 1979.

Family Ties: The Indispensable Roles of Carla Bacoccina and Tina Scopazzi

No account of Pastor Eros Bacoccina’s remarkable journey would be complete without recognizing the essential roles played by his wife, Carla Bacoccina, and Eros’ sister, Tina Scopazzi. Through every major milestone and every minor challenge that Bacoccina faced, these two remarkable women remained his pillars of support, demonstrating an unwavering commitment to his Christian mission.

A devoted wife and mother, Carla offered emotional sustenance and active engagement in Bacoccina’s work. She shared his vision of spreading the Gospel, and their home became a hub of his mission-related activities. Carla’s knack for organization and her unwavering patience and understanding contributed significantly to Bacoccina’s ability to manage the rigours of his pastoral duties, radio broadcasts, and evangelistic efforts.

Tina Bacoccina Scopazzi was another instrumental figure in his life and mission. With her firm belief in his cause and her strong spirit, she provided much-needed familial support. Tina’s involvement was crucial in the early stages of Bacoccina’s ministry, where she provided guidance and often acted as a sounding board for his thoughts and ideas. Their bond, forged through shared experiences and deep-rooted love, was a testament to the power of family support in fostering Bacoccina’s evangelical ambitions.

The Dawn of La Buona Novella

After Eros Bacoccina departed from Family Radio, he continued on his project, initially founded by Amelio Giannetta in San Francisco, CA, producing his daily 30-minute radio program called “La Buona Novella“.

On the 4th of July 2013, on its 60th anniversary since its foundation, La Buona Novella Broadcasts (a California non-profit organisation) ceased all operations, mainly for lack of support from listeners and the ageing and dying group of supporters in the USA. Eros Bacoccina was also becoming old and finally retired. For several months, his radio programs and repeats were relayed again via NEXUS-IBA transmitters on AM/Medium Wave and Shortwave.

A Legacy of Faith and Service

Despite the cessation of operations by La Buona Novella Broadcasts in 2013 due to a lack of support and the ageing donor base, Bacoccina’s radio programs were still relayed for a few months on our stations. His legacy lived on through the International Evangelical Fellowship, a group of Italian emigrants who shared Bacoccina’s commitment to spreading the Gospel Message of Christ. From its inception in 1954, the ministry’s mission was to preach Jesus Christ’s message to Italians worldwide.

A Legacy of Love: Eros Bacoccina’s Family

Pastor Eros Bacoccina’s great legacy also lies in the family he and his wife, Carla, nurtured with immense love and faith. Their five daughters – Joyce, Angela, Jeanine, Esther, and Anette – are a testament to their parents’ dedication to instilling the values of compassion, integrity, and love for God. The Bacoccina family’s strong Christian foundation continues to be a beacon for many, demonstrating the transformative power of faith and the love of God.

Eros Bacoccina (2006) with his book

These values have been lovingly passed down to Bacoccina’s 14 grandchildren and five great-grandchildren. Each carries a piece of Pastor Bacoccina’s spirit and his enduring dedication to serving God. They continue to honour their beloved grandfather and great-grandfather by living out the principles he held dear and upholding the Christian faith he diligently propagated.

From his native Italy to his adopted homeland of the United States, Pastor Bacoccina’s legacy extends far beyond his biological family. As the spiritual father to countless listeners of his radio broadcasts and the congregants of his church, his influence continues to reverberate in the hearts of the many lives he touched. His life is a testament to the transformative power of faith, demonstrating how one man’s journey towards God can light the path for countless others.

A Final Farewell

Eros Bacoccina, and estimated international broadcaster, beloved husband, father, grandfather, and great-grandfather, passed away on November 21, 2022. He is remembered for his service as an ordained minister and for his commitment to sharing the Gospel through the radio program La Buona Novella, broadcast worldwide. Eros Bacoccina’s tireless dedication to the Christian mission of reaching Italians worldwide with the Gospel will continue to inspire those who continue his work.

Eros Bacoccina’s life tells the story of a spiritual journey fueled by a relentless quest for a personal relationship with God. His story reflects the power of faith to transform lives and communities. Bacoccina’s journey from an altar boy in Italy to a pioneer of Italian Christian radio broadcasting in the US is a testament to his deep faith and commitment to serving others. His legacy of worldwide preaching and Christian mission continues to inspire and guide future generations.

IRRS-Globe Radio Milan: 1979-1998

IRRS-Globe Radio Milan: 1979-1998

English Broadcasts on FM in Milano, Italy (1979-1989)

FM radio in Milan

Like most of the other radio listeners in Europe, the Italians listen almost exclusively to hi-fi (stereo) programs aired on the FM band, rather than Medium Wave (AM) or Shortwave. There are distinct advantages to receiving FM vs Mediumwave or Shortwave regarding audio fidelity. Mediumwave broadcasts at the time were manly available throughRAI’s, the national state-controlled radio network.

However, Mediumwave (also called AM radio in the USA) had a sort of revival in the late ’70s and ’80s due to a heavy mutual interference of the thousands of FM signals on the Italian peninsula. Together with Radio Data System (RDS) on FM, Mediumwave/AM was the only option to remain tuned to the same station when distances above 10-15 miles are travelled by car. Mediumwave, although lacking in fidelity, provides much wider coverage than FM due to the lack of co-channel interference, and it was often used for example to tune into the news service offered by RAI.

It must be noted that Italy has been pioneering private FM broadcasting since as early as 1975, when, in addition to the already established three national state-owned RAI channels (also on AM/Medium Wave) some small and aggressive FM stations went on air. Today thousands of FM stations and a few private national networks operate legally in the country. But back in the ’70s and ’80s reception conditions were quite critical, especially in large towns, because there were many, too many stations, often on top of each other.

At the time, driving around the greater Milano nearly one-hundred different stations could be found on the dial. Very often stations operated on the same channel from locations just a few miles apart; more often the separation was just 50 kHz (or less). This situation has been sometimes depicted as a “frequency jungle” by several foreign observers who compared this very competitive market to the cleaner situation in other countries. Clearly, for most stations coverage was a problem especially in large urban areas. But the case would have been solved later in the 1990s with a frequency allocation plan, stricter rules, and the elimination of a large number of stations that followed. After years since a law first attempted to regulate private broadcasting (1990), no frequency allocation plan has been approved yet.

The Legal Situation

Although legally established, all private FM and TV stations in Italy still lacked frequency and power coordination from the Italian Post and telecommunication (PTT) Ministry. The first Broadcasting Act which was approved in August 1990, after many aborted attempts to rule the Italian frequency spectrum, set a term of two years (expiring in August 1992) for the PTT Ministry to publish frequency allocation plans for both TV and radio stations in the country. The Ministry finally assigned formal licenses to only some of the existing operations. Several years later, however, we were still in the same situation as of 1990, as far as frequency occupancy and interference, especially in larger towns. The only form of “coordination” and elimination of interferences was put in place by larger networks who started buying off frequencies from the smaller broadcasters. In this way, they attempted to clear their frequencies and killing de-facto smaller stations which were the spirit of the so-called free radio scene that broke the Italian State monopoly in the ’70s. Today, only a few of the smaller stations survive, especially in rural areas, and recent proposals to rule once again the market by the Italian Government seem to favour the largest broadcasters vs the smallest, but often more important, local stations. When the switch to DAB is completed in a few years, it is foreseeable that any still existing smaller station in rural areas would completely disappear.

As for radio, the 1990 Broadcasting Act identified two types of license: commercial and non-commercial or community radio (very similar to the US concept of public radio). Both licenses were granted on a local or national coverage basis.  All applications for a license had to be filled by October 20, 1990. After that date, the law stated that no new station could be built, nor other application accepted and, more importantly, no technical parameter of every station (e.g. antenna, frequency, transmitter power, etc.) could  (officially) be changed. Only in April 1998, a provision was added by decree to slightly modify the technical characteristics of a transmitter, if, for example, another transmitter belonging to the same station was shut down in the same area.

In the 1990s, in the Milano city area alone, commercial radio stations were outnumbering non-commercial/community operations by more than a factor one to thirty. NEXUS-IBA got a formal license to operate IRRS-Globe Radio Milano on FM 88.85 MHz as a local community broadcaster in 1995, and an authorisation to operate an international Shortwave station from Milano, Italy, was also granted.

Our History

Milano is a very cosmopolitan city in Northern Italy. Its weekly specialised exhibitions at the local Fair attract many foreign visitors every year. Here live quite a large number of English speaking foreign residents (20,000+) as well as many Italians who speak this language fluently. All that together with the interest of several international broadcasting organisations, consular representatives in Milan, newspapers, listeners and friends helped us to create and maintain IRRS-Globe Radio Milan since 1979. IRRS-Globe Radio Milan was a unique adventure in broadcasting and the first English speaking station in Italy.

Back in 1979, the fact that most of the Italian radio listeners in large towns did not listen at all to international Shortwave, or Long Wave broadcasts, gave us the idea of starting a local English speaking FM station in Milano. No satellite radio or TV was yet available, and newspaper and magazines were almost all international media available in town at the time. Our FM English-speaking station started with very simple equipment, a lot of enthusiasm, and with just only a few Watts all the Milano city area was covered.

In 1979-1989 IRRS-Globe Radio Milan existed to provide NEXUS-IBA members and broadcasters a facility in what the National Geographic magazine defined as “Both a factory and a showcase for Italian products, a hub for the comings and goings of trade in Italy and much of western Europe, but also a city of fine food and subtle elegance and cultural wealth“. In the early beginnings when IRRS-Globe Radio Milan experienced little or no interference from other stations, there were listeners who tuned into our broadcasts from as far as 30-50 km away. At the beninng of the 1990’s, even with professional equipment and higher power, the heavy competition from commercial stations had undoubtedly reduced the station’s coverage to just about one third of the entire city area. This was a situation very common to other small stations in Milano, which did not improve when licenses were assigned in 1990.

Since its beginning, IRRS-Globe Radio Milan has been airing the best selection of English programming available on Shortwave. Over the years, programs from the BBC World Service, BBC English by Radio, Deutsche Welle, Radio Nederland, Radio Sweden, Swiss Radio International, HCJB, VOA, Radio Beijing, Family Radio, Radio Earth, UNESCO and United Nations Radio, as well as many other individuals and broadcasting organizations has been aired. They targeted our English-speaking listeners in Milano, often preceding what was later now being offered as VOA Europe or BBC World Service via satellite in many other European towns.

NEXUS-IBA is neither governmentally, nor privately funded. Although provisions exist in the NEXUS’ charter to accept financial donations from other bodies and institutions, all current operations are entirely financed by our members’ broadcasters. Moreover, no advertising is currently on air on any NEXUS-IBA station. All NEXUS-IBA personnel are professionals who have a full-time job elsewhere, and devote most of their spare time coordinating NEXUS-IBA activities as volunteers. The heavy use of state-of-the-art computer automation, digital broadcasting, and, only recently, the availability of satellite feeds, together with our hard work, has made it all possible until now.

1979-1998: Twenty years of FM broadcasting from Milano to the world

IRRS-Globe Radio Milan was shut down on Sept. 15, 1998. The decision came after NEXUS-IBA’s Executive Committee decided to focus the Association’s activities on the Internet, International broadcasting, Shortwave and education.

Needless to say that our efforts could not be accomplished, nor continue, without your interest and support.

To support our activities, please visit our support page.

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Twenty years of broadcasting from Milano to the world!

Twenty years of broadcasting from Milano to the world!

This is how NEXUS-IBA was born

Pioneering FM English broadcasting to the greater Milan :
Most of our programs on FM came from Shortwave broadcasters around the world

In 1979, a local FM station went on air in Italy’s commercial centre, Milan, to serve the large English speaking community living in the town. In a short time, “IRRS-Globe Radio Milan” attracted a large audience in this cosmopolitan city, and it was also featured in the in-room cable radio services of Milan’s leading hotels. Up to the present date, IRRS-Globe Radio Milan’s main programming consists of relays of BBC World Service. For more than eight years in operation, programming from the BBC, United Nations and UNESCO Radio, Radio Sweden International, Swiss Radio International, Radio Earth, World Music Radio, the Voice of America, WRNO-New Orleans, Radio China, Family Radio and a number of other small organizations and individual program-producers has been heard on 88.8 MHz in stereo FM in Milano via IRRS-Globe Radio Milan. From the beginning IRRS-Globe Radio Milan strove to be the English-speaking station in Milan, offering a wide range of information and entertainment to cover the complete needs of the English speaking community.

A lot of programs heard on FM are a good selection of the best ones available from the leading Shortwave services in the world. Our aim has been exactly to bring this material to a local audience on FM, who never heard this kind of programs on the SW dial, or more simply do not even know how to tune into the shortwaves.

Porting the FM relay idea to Shortwave
This is how IRRS-Shortwave was born

Back in 1988, after years of successful operation on FM, the “Italian Radio Relay Service” management became more interested in the shortwave medium itself, asking the question: “if the idea worked in Milan, why not all over Europe”? At a closer examination, it became clear that there were also many small program-making individuals and groups that were eager to reach a European audience with their message through a regular broadcaster. These people knew, on the one hand, that shortwave is a proven means of reaching such a mass audience. However, rates charged by the big guys representing the traditional SW relay facilities in Europe were so high that ordinary people just could not afford them, and, on the other hand, small pirate stations and local AM and FM stations could only cover a very limited area of the European Continent. So the IRRS-Shortwave idea was born!

The IRRS-Shortwave philosophy

The IRRS philosophy was simple: offer program-makers an effective and reliable shortwave relay facility in Europe at prices they can afford. But how could this be done? The answer was “creative engineering”. Transmitter powers measured in the hundreds of kilowatts may sound impressive, but they are also costly and equally unnecessary to cover Europe. It was decided that a transmitter of 10kW would do the job quite well. But carrier power is not everything. More important are good frequency planning as well as the quality and effectiveness of the antenna and modulation. In the summer of 1988, an exhaustive search was made to find a location that would be best for shortwave. Finally, a place was found in the Po Valley where ground conductivity was excellent, assuring a low take-off angle for the signal. To assure reliable operation, a 10 kW Siemens commercial communication transmitter was purchased, and it was decided to use an omnidirectional L-dipole antenna configuration. There was a long discussion about the best kind of modulation, resulting in the bold decision to experiment with reduced carrier single-sideband or “A3A”, based on the belief that European listeners would be equipped to receive this advanced form of modulation and thus enjoy the benefits of SSB. On the other hand, this type of modulation can also be received on conventional AM receivers. But above all, the 10 kW of A3A modulation would have the same effect as 30 kW of conventional AM.

The technical side

Initially, a multi-band antenna system for 75, 41 and 31 meters was installed and in November 1988 test transmissions began on 3.945 MHz, just minutes after the antenna was completed. Unfortunately, an unknown utility station objected to IRRS’ use of 3.945 and jammed our operations, but not before dozens of reception reports came in. After those initial tests, the frequency of 7.160 MHz on the 41-metre band was chosen for early mornings, with a band change to 9.860 coming at 11.00 CET. And so, IRRS-Shortwave came into being.

The programming

In those early days, IRRS-Shortwave needed to establish itself as a reliable, regular service. So in addition to programming provided by United Nations and UNESCO Radio, IRRS-Shortwave maintained its Sunday broadcasts schedule by playing music and radio plays as well as recordings of old radio programs. The big breakthrough came early in 1990 when IRRS-Shortwave was able to sign some contracts for the relay of a wide range of religious broadcasts. At the same time, United Nations Radio decided to expand its programs by including the Russian language and providing IRRS-Shortwave with up-to-the-minute news in connection with the Gulf crisis through the telephone line, just a few hours before going to air, thus making IRRS the best source of UN information in Europe.

Presently, IRRS-Shortwave’s weekend broadcast schedule is almost fully booked between 07:00 and 15:30 CET. Several hours of regular programming have also begun on Saturdays, and there has been a series of weekday transmissions at various times, including 07:00 to 08:30, and 18:00 to 22:00 CET, all on 3,985 and 7,120 kHz. During the next summer period, we shall also resume using 3,955 from 22:00-24:00 CET, mainly on weekends.

… and so NEXUS-IBA was born

1990 has also brought with it the most significant development in private broadcasting in Italy since the beginning of 1975. IRRS-Shortwave always registered its operations on FM and Shortwave with the Italian Authorities. In October 1990, however, to continue its local and international transmissions in compliance with the Italian Republic’s law no. 223 of August 6, 1990, which first set the rules for radio and TV broadcasting in Italy and establish the guidelines for licensing stations, “NEXUS-International Broadcasting Association” was founded with the aim of taking full control of all IRRS FM and Shortwave operations. The new law strictly regards as a criminal offence the establishment of any new radio and TV station after August 9, 1990, leaving IRRS the biggest and most powerful private SW operation in this country (as it has been for some time).

Five years later, in 1995, a new law was passed which sets new rules and regulations for privately owned Shortwave stations operating from Italy. NEXUS-IBA has been very clear in saying that this was an attempt by the Italian Ministry of Communications (PTT) to close down and prevent all type of Shortwave broadcasting from Italy. The Shortwave broadcasting Act set strict rules on the kind of programming that we could carry, i.e .all programmes must be produced by the licensee, prohibits all forms of sponsorship and advertising, bans any broadcast directly beamed to Italy, and set a yearly license fee of approx. 15,000 US dollars.

NEXUS is a non-profit association whose membership is open to all small and big broadcasters as well as IRRS-Shortwave listeners who would like to support our activities with their help and financial support. According to NEXUS-IBA’s charter, the Association aims to provide a cultural, ethnic, and religious radio service on a local, national and international basis. Furthermore, the association offers its media and assistance to members for them to air cultural, scientific, political and religious material, locally in Milano, in Italy as well as internationally through all media controlled by the association. Since the beginning, we wanted to grant by all means pluralism and access to these media especially to ethnic, cultural, political and religious minorities, with no distinction of race, sex, language, political credo or religion. According to its charter, NEXUS also intends to promote and sustain the production and transmission of educational, cultural, political and religious programs using available funds and through the media controlled by the association. NEXUS will also promote as well production and transmission of programs in Italian beamed to Italians living abroad, in cooperation with other national and international organisations.

The grim financial side, and the force of NEXUS-IBA:
Our members and volunteers

NEXUS is not currently sponsored either financially or by other means by any governmental or non-governmental organisation. All users of IRRS-FM and Shortwave outlets as well as any other media that will in the future come under the control of the association have to share the expenses of running such facilities. Annual membership fees which vary from 100 to 300 US dollars, as well as hourly rates for the usage of IRRS transmitters, are used to cover the running costs of the association and its media, as well as to promote new programs. With these funds, NEXUS Executive Board may also decide to finance in part or all the production and transmission of particularly valuable programs produced by its members or by the Association itself by the aims of the association, defined in NEXUS’s charter.

The force of NEXUS-IRRS is a small but dedicated staff of people who put in many hours of their free time, and at no cost, to provide a reliable service both to its listeners and members-program producers. Running IRRS-Shortwave in the past and NEXUS at present is complicated and very time-consuming. There was constant correspondence; taped material had to be fetched from the post office to IRRS-FM and Shortwave broadcasting studios. QSL cards have to be written, and all other correspondence and listeners inquiries answered. All listeners’ letters have to be Xeroxed in more than twenty copies and sent to all IRRS broadcasters (they may also respond themselves after a few weeks with a personal message or a QSL card of their own), and operations personnel have to be organised and rostered. From the beginning, programs are transmitted directly from IRRS transmitter sites (FM & SW). We were one of the first stations in 1990 all operations became wholly digital and automated, being fed via ISDN from the Association headquarters in the centre of Milan (all this was long before the Internet, satellite and ADSL).

Along the way of this unique venture in local and international broadcasting with NEXUS-IRRS, we would like to take this opportunity to thank the many Shortwave listeners who have supported IRRS-Shortwave from its beginning, and ask them to continue their support by regularly tuning to our broadcasts, and by continuing to report and above all comment on programs and reception; and possibly even writing us with supportive comments that we could pass along to all competent authorities who are allowing us to continue our work from this country.

NEXUS-IBA on Internet

We have now entered the era of Internet broadcasting, and many stations are closing down on Shortwave and opening new paths in satellite and RealAudio delivery instead. In 1994, NEXUS-IBA established itself on the Internet and became the first radio station in Europe to use RealAudio. Today NEXUS-IBA is also a global, international Internet Service Provider (ISP) with its own servers located in Europe and the USA. NEXUS-IBA offers Web hosting, including RealAudio, as well consulting, to members and non-members of the Association. All funds coming from Internet services help to support our operations on Shortwave and FM.

A final reminder

Finally, we would also remind once again that NEXUS is now a non-profit association and by no means can (by law!) IRRS activities be regarded either commercial or profit-making. In this true spirit of service to our listeners and broadcasters community, and along the lines of NEXUS charter, the Executive Board would like to support when possible with regards to NEXUS available funds those programs of a “hobby nature” which has been heard in the past over IRRS and are produced in great number around the world. Please contact NEXUS for further information, by e-mail at info@nexus.org or https://www.nexus.org.


For more information please contact:
NEXUS-International Broadcasting Association
Phone: +39-02-266 6971
email: info@nexus.org